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Reef Ball Research, AR & Fishery Research and Links To Reef Researchers

Note: This page is huge to allow for text searches. (Use Edit/Find in your browser.) You'll be able to find much of the world's scientific knowledge of artificial reefs on this page.

Reef Ball encourages all mold users to develop relationships with researchers and to conduct monitoring or other types of studies. It is our goal to assist science to learn as much about artificial reefs and their use as a management tool so that our projects and other artificial reef projects have a better chance of reaching the intended project goals. Although non-Reef Ball specific artificial reef papers are too large to post on the Web, most researchers will gladly share their research so an effort is being made to offer e-mail links to major researchers.  We ask that researchers submit all Reef Ball specific studies for inclusion on this site.

Over 500,000 Reef Balls have been deployed worldwide in over 3,200 projects. All Reef Ball Foundation projects require monitoring and most include scientific investigation. Overwhelmingly, the evidence is quite clear that Reef Balls create essential fish, invertebrate and marine plant habitats. In most cases, the evidence indicates that Reef Balls can easily reach the 80% or more of the natural species diversity and population densities of nearby natural reef systems within just a few years, however achieving the ultimate goal of 100% may take five or more years and will nearly always require special treatments to match local conditions. Some major treatments being studied and always in need of local studies include:

-Use of various size mixes of Reef Balls
(i.e. ratio of small to medium to larger sized Reef Balls)

-Spacing and layout of the Reef Balls

-Addition of internal structure to create juvenile preferred habits

-Hole sizing and placement including surface texturing, bottom shape features, etc.

Coral Reef Transplant Notes 
Identified Hard Coral Diseases (The Coral Disease Page) offline

Here are some of the Reef Ball Specific studies being conducted which relate to how Reef Balls Mimic natural reef habitats: (not in any particular order of importance or size)

Posters for Displays

• ScientificReports/reefball_voids.pdf

• ScientificReports/AR_atr_vs_prod.pdf

• ScientificReports/AR_BACI_ostenberg_stmary.pdf

• EVALUACIÓN PRELIMINAR DE LA COLONIZACIÓN DE REFUGIOS ARTIFICIALES POR PECES EN PUNTA PALMAR, YUCATAN, MEXICO. MAFALDA FERREIRA^1.2, TERESA COLÁS-MARRUFO², ARMIN TUZ-SULUB², ESPERANZA PEREZ², XIMENA RENAN², y THIERRY BRULÉ^{2 1} Universidade  do Algarve – FCMA, Portugal ² Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Unidad Mérida, México Nov. 14, 2005

• Grand Cayman Marriott Beach Resort Project Oct 2005, Scientific Report by Dr. Lee Harris.pdf

• ScientificReports/03May Tamirand.pdf

• ScientificReports/2005Sept RB paper.pdf

• ScientificReports/portomarisurvey

• ScientificReports/BeachCommitteeReport-May2003[1].pdf.37861.3564699074.pdf

• ScientificReports/jan2201.pdf

• ScientificReports/HydromechanicsLab2002.pdf

• ScientificReports/reef_colonization.pdf

• ScientificReports/mt-2005-fl-speiler2-cr.pdf

• ScientificReports/4421.pdf

• ScientificReports/FR11900.pdf

• ScientificReports/FSMiami_May05.pdf

• ScientificReports/monitoringproceedings.pdf

• A. cervicornis restoration Presented at Coastal Zone 05 .pdf by Austin Bowden Kirby

• Richard Field Monitoring & News Report, Oman Reef Balls Sept. 2005.  (Fantastic natural coral reef growth)

• Distribution and Diversity of Fishes at Articicial Reef Balls Around Talang-Talang Islands, Sematan: Implications on Commercial Fisheries Researchers:Lee Nyanti and Nazzatul Asyikin Mohd. Najib (Unimas) in collaboration with the Sarawak Forestry Department and Department of Marine Fisheries.

•  

Bulck, M. van den. 2004.

Portomarea Marine Monitoring, Coral and Fish/Invertebrate Survey, January 2004. (PDF, 367 Kb). Internal Reports Portomarie Foundation on Reef Ball project.

•   Bulck, M. van den. 2004. Portomarea Marine Monitoring, Coral and Fish/Invertebrate Survey, July 2004. (PDF, 315 Kb). Internal Reports Portomarie Foundation on Reef Ball project.  
•  

  Bulck, M. van den. 2003.

  Portomarea Marine Monitoring, Coral and Fish/Invertebrate Survey, January 2003. (PDF, 299 Kb). Internal Reports Portomarie Foundation on Reef Ball project.
  - Photos January 2003 (PDF, 402 Kb)

•  

  Bulck, M. van den. 2003.

  Portomarea Marine Monitoring, Coral and Fish/Invertebrate Survey, July 2003. (PDF, 403 Kb). Internal Reports Portomarie Foundation on Reef Ball project.

•  

  Bulck, M. van den. 2002.

  Portomarea Marine Monitoring, Coral and Fish/Invertebrate Survey, July 2002. (PDF, 266 Kb). Internal Reports Portomarie Foundation on Reef Ball project.
  - Photos July 2002 (PDF, 417 Kb)

• Bulck, M. van den, and P. Spiertz. 2002.

  Portomarie Reef Ball project. Presentation at the Caribbean Coral Reef Conference, October 2002. (PDF 615 Kb) 

• Army Corp of Engineers Current Status Reef Ball Breakwater Project for Miami.pdf

• Shore Stabilization for MacDill AFB; Phases II and III

• Curacao Scientific Monitoring Report Fish and Coral jan 2004.pdf

• Memphis Project Annual Report- July 2000 – July 2001 (Nova Southeastern Coral Propagation / Plugging Experiments, Coral Attractants, and Complexity Treatments on Reef Balls).

• ScientificReports/LeeHarris GCFI paper.pdf

• Curacao Scientific Reports /Fish Coral July 2003.pdf

• Cayman Island Marroitt Reef Ball Submerged Breakwater Project Update, July 2003.pdf (August Update ScientificReports/GC Marriott 03Aug update.pdf)

• Reef Balls ^TM: How Hotels, Tourism Associations, Cruise Lines and Others Use Designed Artificial Reefs to enhance the environment, create beaches and create tourist assets.

• URS Corp's 30% Design Report for ACOE about the Miami Reef Ball Submerged Breakwater Project (pdf format.) [Does not contain drawings in Appendix C:]

• COLONIZATION AND SUCCESSION OF SESSILE BIOTA AND FISHES IN A ARTIFICIAL REEF IN THE NOTH COAST OF RIO DE JANEIRO - BRAZIL (2002 - 2004) - Colonização e sucessão da biota séssil e de peixes em um recife artificial no litoral norte do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.

• ScientificReports/CORAL TRANSPLANTATION AND RESTOCKING TO ACCELERATE THE RECOVERY ...In Puerto Rico Dr. Austin Kirby-Bowden.pdf

• Ortiz-Prosper, A.L. and Bowden-Kerby, W.A. 1999. Transformation of artificial concrete "reef ball” structure into living coral heads through the use of implants of juvenile massive corals. Abstract In: Proc. Int. Conf. on Scientific Aspects of Coral Reef Assessment, Monitoring and Restoration, NCRI. April 14-16, 1999, Ft Lauderdale, Florida. pg. 148.

• Artificial Reefs for Submerged and Subaerial Habitat Protection, Mitigation and Restoration by Dr. Lee Harris

• ARTIFICIAL REEF RESEARCH IN BROWARD COUNTY 1993-2000: A SUMMARY ...

• Hypothesis-based Restoration Study For Mitigation of a Damaged SE Florida Coral Reef- A Work in Progress-May 2003 Update

• Environmental Protection Agency's  April 2003 - Issue 13.2 > Sarasota Bay NEP Restores Reef Habitat

• ScientificReports/Lee Harris_ASR_RBBW.pdf

• 6 th International Conference on Coastal and Port Engineering in Developing Countries, Colombo, Sri Lanka, 2003 Design of low-crested (submerged) structures – an overview – Krystian W. Pilarczyk, Rijkswaterstaat, Road and Hydraulic Engineering Division

• COMPORTAMIENTO DEL DIQUE SUMERGIDO EN EL TRAMO PILOTO DE REHABILITACION DE PLAYAS UBICADO EN LA ZONA DEL REMATE DEL MALECON DE PROGRESO, YUCATAN

• Habitat Assessment Project.pdf for Sarasota Bay March 2003. Full report (6 megs)
  -(Microsoft) Word Summary of Project

• Progresso Reef Ball profile line results 1/2003 In Microsoft Excel Format

• Preliminary Power Point Data on Porto Progresso Mexico Reef Ball submerged breakwater project (en espanol)

• International Society for Reef Studies, Abstracts from European 2002 Meeting (Html)

• PortoMaria Coral Propagation & Reef Ball Report Nov. 2002 1 of 3; 2 of 3; 3 of 3 (All in PDF Format)

• Abstracts-IXth International Coral Reef Symposium in Bali (HTML FORMAT 300+ abstracts

• 30-Oct-02: Asexual Coral Propagation for the Aquarium Trade and for Reef Restoration Using Reef Balls.

• Tanzania Marine Ecology Conservation Programme (A proposed project with the Reef Ball Foundation and Worldcare Tanzania)

• Executive Summary Social and Economic Impacts of Artificial Reefs (PDF Format)

• October Photos, Poromari Reef Ball Monitoring Project, Curacao, PDF Format)

• Fish Counts for Oct, Portomari Reef Ball Monitoring Project, Curacao (PDF)

• Final Report on Social and Economic Impacts of Artificial Reefs (PDF 11 megs)

• INTERIM REPORT ON THE REEFBALLS AT LONG BAY NEW ZEALAND, 11/22/2002 

• Submerged Reef Structures for Habitat Enhancement and Shoreline Erosion Abatement by Lee E. Harris

• Reef Balls^TM: How Combining Designed Reefs with Oil Superstructures used as Artificial Reefs can help the overall reef system to better mimic natural reef systems

• INTERIM REPORT ON THE REEFBALLS AT LONG BAY NEW ZEALAND JULY 2002

• A Hydrodynamic Study of Artificial Reefs

• Development of alternative strategies (reef balls) for conservation and management of marine resources and wildlife in Cabo de la Vela, Col (LF)

• Benefits of Artificial Reefs (En Espanol) 

• Science and Technology Partnerships in Coastal Zone Management:A Sidney, British Colombia Study K. Conley (Institute of Ocean Sciences) and T. Curran (Canadian Hydrographic Service)

• Dr. Lee Harris of Florida Institute of Technology's Report on Gran Dominicus and Iberostar Resort Submerged Breakwater Reef Ball Projects including 4 years of data and final conclusions in PDF Format.

• The Minahasa Marine Habitat Enhancement Program (A Reef Ball Project by P.T. Newmount in Indonesia) is showcased in in conjunction with the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg.

• Four Seasons Resort, Maldives Monitoring Report Aug. 2002

• PADI AWARE Foundation, Europe: Reef Ball_official_presentation August, 2002 (Reef Balls in Europe)

• PortoMari Reef Ball Pictures Coral Plugs July 2002.pdf

• PortoMari Reef Ball Fish and Coral Survey July 2002.pdf

• July 2002 Report Gran Dominicus and Iberostar Reef Ball Breakwater Project Memo by Dr. Lee Harris

• Merida, Mexico Environmental Impact Study (In Spanish/En Espanol)
  (Centro de Investigación y de estudios Avanzados del IPN Unidad Mérida Departamento de Recursos del Mar Manifestación de Impacto Ambiental)

• [117c] - Supercritical CO2 Carbonated Cements - Characterization and Application as Artificial Coral Reefs

• Christopher Kri U (2001) Colonisation and growth of marine animals on artificial reefs at Batu Penyu, Talang-Satang National Park, Malaysia. Hornbill 5:nn-nn  

• A North American Practitioners Workshop for Marine Reef Research and Monitoring by Volunteer divers, 20 and 22nd of June, Sidney, British Columbia (PDF Format)

• Reef Balls ^TM: An advanced technique to mimic natural reef systems using designed artificial reefs   (Abstract of above in Arabic)

• Artificial Reef Research Project in Long Bay New Zealand, 2001.

• PortoMarea beach improvement nov 01

• Growth and Survivorship of Stony Coral Meandrina meandrites and Montastrea cavernosa Transplants to an Artificial Reef Environment: A Work in Progress. (May 2002)  E.A. Glynn, T.P. Quinn, D.P. Fahy, R.E. Dodge, D.S. Gilliam, and R.E. Spieler National Coral Reef Institute, Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center

• Experimental Oculina Marine Reserve

• Hypothesis-based Restoration Study For Mitigation of a Damaged SE Florida Coral Reef A Work in Progress (May 2002), T.P. Quinn¹, E.A. Glynn¹, R.E. Dodge¹, K. Banks², L. Fisher², R.E. Spieler¹National Coral Reef Institute, Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center

• Quick update PortoMari, April, 2002, coral transplants

• Deep Water Oculina Banks Report from The Slate, Jan. 2002 by John Reed, Senior Research Scientist Specialist, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution 

• Aplicaciones Diversas de Arrecifes Artificiales a Base de Elementos de Concreto (Espanol)

• Scientific Monitoring Report from PortoMari, Curacao (PDF Format) (Jan 2002)

• Scientific Monitoring Report from PortoMari, Curacao (PDF Format) (April 2002)

• Scientific Monitoring Report from PortoMari, Curacao (PDF Format) (June 2002)

• River Reef Design Project by Dr. Lee Harris (Draft)

• Environmental Protection Agency Report on Reef Balls under Docks and along seawalls

• Caribbean Island Hotel Beach Restoration Design Project By Dr. Harris (Draft)

• INTERIM REPORT ON THE ARTIFICIAL REEF: CONSTRUCTED IN THE LONG BAY-OKURA MARINE RESERVE, AUCKLAND

• Coraggio's Thesis, A Study of Reef Balls in Sarasota Bay, New College, Sarasota supported by a Reef Ball Foundation Grant

• Reef Balls used in conjunction (and to enhance the biology) with high vertical profile structures such as Ships or Oil Platforms.

• German Study Proves Microsilcia improves the fouling community on Reef Balls (In German, PDF Format)
• Gran Dominicus Hotel Beach Creation Project with Reef Balls
• Extra support graphs for the above report
• Reef Balls in the Baltic Sea, by Marilim
• SPARS Project, Sidney, BC, "Species Diversity on Reef Balls" (Fish and Invertebrates)
• Wave Reduction Report By Dr. Harris
• Artificial Reef Construction as a Soft Bottom Habitat Restoration Tool, Mote Marine June 30, 1997 by Culter and Truitt
• Draft Army Corp Techical Paper on Reef Balls as submerged breakwaters
• Stability Analysis for Cancun Hotel to use Reef Balls as a submerged breakwaterl
• Proposal for Reef Ball Submerged Breakwater-Name of Project Confidential
• Observations on the impact of Segmentation and Open Connection of the Last Mangrove Habitat on Barbados
• HYPOTHESIS-BASED RESTORATION STUDY FOR MITIGATION OF A
  S.E. FLORIDA U.S.A. CORAL REEF DAMAGED BY THE GROUNDING OF A NUCLEAR SUBMARINE
• Roberto De La Torre’s study in Cancun Mexico with Atlantis Submarine, "Fish Species Diversity on Reef Balls"
• Dr. Robin Sherman’s Report on Juvenile Fish Complexity at NOVA Southeastern University in Ft. Lauderdale
• Monitoring studies by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Division of Marine Fisheries, Artificial Reef Program (Bill Horn, John Dodril, Tom Maher)
• Charlotte Harbor Artificial Reef Association studies of Reef Balls as under dock fish habitats
• Bill Figley of New Jersey’s Artificial Reef Program published results of the fouling community
• Project Reef Creator did a paper on Coral Reef Restoration with Reef Balls in Oman more...Page 1, Page 2 (German Translation)
• Brazil’s Instituto Ecoplan paper on Reef Balls
• Students at Spanish River High School in Boca Raton have documented monitoring of habitat development
• The Boy Scout’s High Adventure Sea Base in the Florida Keys has an ongoing Reef Ball monitoring program
• Occidental Petroleum conducted studies on Reef Balls in Qatar and documented success
• Seawall Enhancement Features in Residential Canals Tampa Bay, Florida
• The Island School, Cape Eleuthera, Bahamas, Summer '00 Artificial Reef Research
• Brazil Ecoplan Superinteressante, Jan. 1999 "Condominio Para Os Peixes" (Condominums for fish) in Portuguese with many color photos. 
  -Page 2
  -Page 3
  -Page 4
  -Page 5
  -Page 6
• Ed Adams, USNA, Jared Goodwin, USNA Student Research
• Puerto Rico Department of Natural Resources, "Reef Ball Artificial Reefs" (En En Espanol/ In Spanish
  -Page 2
  -Page 3
• Comparison of Reef Balls to Other Materials, Manatee County Monitoring Grant Program, by The Reef Ball Foundation (being conducted over 2 years, 2002-2003)
• Nearly every Coastal US State artificial Reef Program has on-going artificial reef monitoring and studies on Reef Balls including; Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida (30 of 36 coastal counties have Reef Balls), Alabama, Georgia, Texas, California, Washington, and Puerto Rico
• Ongoing monitoring and study programs are associated with projects in Indonesia, Turks and Caicos, Island Ecosystem Workshops, Bahamas, Mandarin High School in Jacksonville FL,CNMI's coral reefs, American Somoa, Florida Keys, Sarasota, Qatar (Arabic), and many others.
• Stability Analysis By Florida Institute of Technology

<=Back

THE FOLLOWING PAPERS ARE IN THE REEF BALL LIBRARY AT RBDG HEADQUARTERS IN SARASOTA, FLORIDA. (Bolded papers indicate direct research on Reef Balls)

SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARTIFICIAL REEFS AND AQUATIC HABITATS PROCEEDINGS, SAN REMO, ITALY, OCT 7, 1999

• Artificial Reef research in Europe: Perspective and Future
• Unifying Trends and Opportunities in Global Artificial Reef Research Including Evaluation
• Forecasting the benefits of no-take artificial reefs using spatial ecosystem simulation
• Using "natural" reef ecology in artificial reef research: Advancing artificial reef goals through better understanding of ecological processes
• Distribution of fish assemblages at an artificial reef: diet cycle and area of influence
• Temporal Dynamics of a Mediterranean artificial reef fish assemblage and comparison with nearby natural reefs
• Trophic relationships between fishes and an artificial reef
• Red snapper demographics and energetics on artificial reefs: the effects of nearest-neighbor dynamics
• Juvenile red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, habitat preferences and site fidelity
• Productivity on a mature artificial reef: the ichthyoplankton off King Harbor, CA, USA, 1974-97
• Movement, growth and survival of gray triggerfish, Balisties capriscus inhabiting artificial and natural reefs in the north-central Gulf of Mexico
• Detection of fish assemblage changes using no metric-multidimensional scaling multivariate analysis: influence of artificial habitats on Posidonia oceanica L. Delile Meadows
• Colonization pattern of fish populations between a coastal artificial reef and an oceanic artificial reef
• Artificial reefs as refugia: pre- and post-hurricane visual census evidence
• An artificial reef program on the northern coast of Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
• A study of fish and macro crustaceans around the Torness artificial reef in the Firth of Forth (North Sea)
• Structure and dynamics of macroinvertebrate communities at Canarian artificial reefs (central east Atlantic Ocean)
• Productivity of a temperate artificial reef based upon the production of 'young of year' embiotocids (Teleostei: Perciformes)
• Oxygen fluxes of enclosed reef epibiota communities
• A pilot experiment on artificial habitat on coastal and mid-shelf waters of Parana State - southern Brazil
• Benthic macrofauna secondary productivity enhancement and mitigation success by an artificial reef in Delaware Bay, USA.
• Fish colonisation of artificial algae beds in the presence and absence of a seasonal bed of Sargassum furcatum at Cabo Frio Island, Brasil
• Estimation of food organism production on steel-made artificial reef
• Spawning of spear squids (Loligo bleekkeri) on breakwaters and the survival of their eggs
• Comparative growth and mortality of American oysters, Crassostrea virginica, on artificial reefs and natural substrates in the Chesapeake Bay
• Effect of artificial shelters (Casitas) on the abundance of juvenile spiny lobsters (Panulirus argus) in a reef lagoon
• Quantitative evaluation of algal community on an artificial reef in the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea)
• Microspatial Heterogeneity and the persistence of macrophyte vegetation on concrete artificial reef modules
• Development of coral reef community on artificial reefs in Eilat, Gulf of Aquaba, Red Sea: aggregates of limestone rocks.
• The Hong Kong artificial reef iniative - 3 papers on the recent developments in Hong Kong
• Restoration of fisheries through deployment of artificial reefs in marine protected areas
• Selecting sites for large scale deployment of artificial reefs in Hong Kong: constraint mapping & prioratisation techniques
• Consultation with local fishers on the Hong Kong artificial reefs iniative
• Planning, licensing and stakeholder consultation in an artificial reef development: the Loch Linnhe reef, a case study
• Integrated plan for the construction of an artificial reef in the Thracean Sea, Greece
• Florida's artificial reef program: a unique partnership between federal, state and local governments
• The importance of secure tenure for private artificial creation and stewardship
• Interstate evaluation of a national planning guide for man made fishing reefs
• A comparison of regulatory processes and issues among five Gulf of Mexico state artificial reef programs: smooth spots and rough spots
• Demographics, attitudes and reef management preferences of SCUBA divers in offshore Texas waters
• Regulation of artificial reefs for fishery management: the evolution of the cooperative State/Federal process to designate artificial reefs as special management zones, essential fish habitat, habitat areas of particular concern and artificial refugia in the southeastern United States Exclusive Economic Zone
• Artificial reefs in Turkey
• The history and future of artificial reefs and related aquatic habitats in Japan
• Study of mixed materials to increase the stability of a rubble mound habitat
• Artificial reef design: void space, complexity and attractants
• The effect of artificial reef design on faunal richness
• Design considerations for an artificial reef to grow giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, in southern California
• The studies on artificial reef design for Octopus vulgaris(Cuvier,1797) in Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea, Turkey): Field and tank observations
• ARCON®: An innovative technology for planning, conceptual design and installation of artificial reefs in the sublittoral marine environment. Experiences from the Baltic Sea and tropical marine lagoons.
• Effects of reef design complexification on associated fish assemblages. Example of large artificial reefs units (158 m3) used in France
• Functions of artificial reefs and the creation of the shell nursery
• The use of coal flyash in marine concrete for artificial reefs in the southeastern Mediterranean
• A long term monitoring of the benthic community change in a steel slag casting site in the coastal waters of Taiwan
• A summary of the fish assemblages around seven oil and gas production platforms and around oil drilling debris off central and southern California.
• Spatial and temporal patterns of shallow water fish assemblages among nine oil and gas production platforms and nine natural reefs in the Santa Barbara Channel region, USA
• Are southern California oil and gas platforms essential fish habitat?
• The status of the California rigs to reefs program and the need to limit consumptive fishing activities
• Oil activity and artificial reefs programs in Campeche, Mexico
• An analysis of the North Sea 'rigs to reefs' debate centering on the United Kingdom continental shelf
• Rigs to reefs in the North Sea: Hydroacoustic quantification of fish in the vicinity of a 'semicold' platform
• Residence of fish in the vicinity of a decommissioned oil platform in the North Sea
• Spatio-temporal variations in gillnet catch rates in the vicinity of oil platforms
• Evolution of the fish assemblage around a gas platform in the northern Adriatic Sea
• Communities and assemblages associated with an underwater pipeline as an artificial reef
• The wild fisheries enhancement potential of fishfarms and artificial reefs: a case study in Madeira Island, NE Atlantic
• The potential of artificial reefs to reduce organic enrichment caused by commercial net cage fish farming in the Gulf of Aqaba (Eilat)
• The present state and problems on the improvement and development of coastal fishing ground in Japan
• Marine ranching in combination with artificial reefs: a legal perspective
• Artificial reefs' versus 'underwater structures to enhance ecology and fisheries': an attempt to clarification and future ways of research
• Evaluation of two submersible platforms for abalone cultivation and artificial reef
• Development of large-scale, high-rise reef and it's effect
• A Study of Settlement Location of Fishery Grounds with Artificial Fish Reefs by Internal Waves
• Fish community associated with FADs in southern Thyrrhenian Sea and in northern Ionian Sea
• Simulation model of fish behavior around artificial fish aggregation devices (FAD)
• Data gathering or data analysis? The use of monitoring information to document performance of artificial reefs
• The reefkeepers' guide: a defensible science tool with a case study for monitoring reef biota by non-professional divers in Canada's Pacific waters
• Field observation of velocity and temperature fluctuations around a reef
• Assessment of the effectiveness of an artificial reef as out-of-kind mitigation for loss of shallow water habitat in the Delaware Bay (USA)
• An experimental evaluation of different reef designs used to compensate for losses to a giant kelp forest community
• Assessment of El Nino events on natural kelp beds and artificial reefs in southern California 
• Engineering perspectives of benthic artificial reefs off the southwestern coast of Taiwan
• Formation of Environment for Artificial Habitat Ecosystem: Sandy Beach Ecosystem
• Investigating terrain change around artificial reefs by using multibeam echosounder
• Effects of an artificial reef on the surrounding seabed community (central Adriatic sea)
• Effects of human-induced disturbances on oysters and reef dwelling species: implications for reef restoration
• Evaluation of the efficiency of an antigrazing net placed on an artificial reef at Loano (Savona, Ligurian Sea): algal biomass
• Methods for enhancing habitat value of artificial structures by establishing surfgrass (Phyllospadix torreyi)
• A quantitative framework to evaluate the attraction-production controversy, with application to marine ornamental fisheries.
• Engineering Design of Artificial Reefs
• Comparative study of the marine biota before and after the deployment of an artificial reef in Gran Canaria Island (Canary Islands, Spain)
• Spatial characterization of seagrass (Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile) meadows in Mediterranean artificial reefs (Murcia, SE of Spain).
• Evaluation of fish community during ten years at Loano artificial reef
• Artificial reef systems: a tool for the Algarve coast fisheries management plan
• Reef fish assemblage structure affected by small-scale spatial variations of artificial patch reefs: preliminary results
• A new project on artificial reefs in Madeira Island
• Shipwrecks as artificial reefs in the coast of Murcia (SE Spain)
• Influence of artificial reefs on the surrounding infauna: analysis of meiofauna
• Phytobenthic colonisation on panels with different slope in the Gulf of Trieste (northern Adriatic Sea)
• Algal flora on artificial reefs at Loano (Savona, Ligurian Sea)
• Artificial habitats for fishery restocking in oligotrophic waters (Ponza Island, central Tyrrhenian Sea) 
• Analysis of the benthic community in two areas protected by stone reef barriers
• Fish assemblages and environmental variables on an artificial reef - Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
• Effects of substrata on the artificial reef fish assemblage in Santa Eulalia bay (Ibiza Island, western Mediterranean)
• New methods for using artificial reefs for habitat protection, mitigation and restoration
• Artificial reefs in the Canarian autonomous community: a decade of development
• Enhancement of Posidonia oceanica bed recovery and reimplantation by artificial reefs
• Evaluating artificial reef performance: approaches to pre-deployment research
• Small- scale systematic echosurveys for estimating fish density in three artificial reef areas off Lanzarote and Gran canaria (Canary Islands)
• An ecological comparison between two artificial reef systems (south of Portugal): chemical evolution on water column and sediment
• Assessing the effectiveness of the experimental artificial reef of Tabarca (Alicante, Spain, SW Mediterranean): comparison of the artificial structures with a natural rocky and seagrass bottoms.
• Influence of the Alcamo Marina artificial reef (N/W Sicily, Italy) on the adjacent soft bottom area
• Are artificial reefs related to adjacent natural rocky areas? A Mollusc case study in the Gulf of Castellammare (NW Sicily)
• Abundance and interactions of moray eels (Gymnothorax moringa and G. vicinus) and spiny lobsters (Panulirus argus) in artificial shelters
• Fish assemblage associated with an alveolar artificial reef in the marine reserve of Tabarca: temporal dynamics and successional trends
• Ecological effect of artificial reef in Pomeranian Bay (Baltic Sea).
• Importance of artificial habitats in the attraction of commercial species in deep waters
• Water quality management with the help of artificial reefs
• The artificial reef debate: are we asking the wrong questions?
• Application of marine ecosystem modeling to artificial reef deployment studies ECOSPACE: a demonstration
• British Columbia's artificial reef program: a study in alternative approaches to artificial reef development and management
• The feasibility of Deploying PFA-concrete Artificial Reef for Coral Reef Restoration: a Hong Kong case study

European Artificial Reef Research, Proceeding of the 1st EARRN Conference, Ancona, Italy, March 1996 edited by A.C. Jensen anon2237@vt.edu..

• Protection of biological habitats by artificial reefs
• Physical protection of the seabed and coasts by artificial reefs
• Biodiversity of European Artificial Reefs
• Biomass on artificial reefs
• Some prospects of nutrient removal with artificial reefs
• Finfish attraction and fisheries enhancement on artificial reef
• The use of artificial reefs in crustacean fisheries enhancement
• Molluscan aquaculture on reefs
• Algoculture and artificial reefs
• Artificial Reefs in Spain: The regulatory framework
• Cost benefit analysis of artificial reefs
• legal framework governing artificial reefs in EU
• Socio-economic aspects of artificial reefs in Japan
• Frontiers that increase unity:defining an agenda for European Artificial Reef Research
• Monitoring epifaunal colonisation
• Tagging, tracking and telemetry in artificial reef research
• Assessment of biomass and production of artificial reef communities
• Assessment of habitat selection behaviour in macroorganisums on artificial reefs
• Underwater photographic techniques for field research in shallow marine environments
• Monitoring techniques for zoobenthic communities influence of the artificial reef on th surrounding infaunal community.
• Does the level of design influence success of an artificial reef?
• Site selection and environmental criteria-a case study
• Quantifying complexity in rock reeds

Book of Abstracts, 52nd Gulf and Carribean Fisheries Institute, Key West Florida USA Nov 5, 1999.

Online Abstracts-GCFI
<=Back

Japanese Artificial Reef Technology, Translations of Selected Japanese Literature and An Evaluation of Potential Applications in the U.S. July 1982, Aquabio, Inc. Technical Report 604

• Fisheries Promotion and the Project to Maintain and Develop Coastal Fishing Grounds, by Takashi Tanigawa
• Materials Traditionally Used in Artificial Reef Design and Construction by the National Government, Prefectural Governments, and Fishing Industry, by The Fishery Civil Engineering Study Association
• The Present Status and Future Prospects of Artificial Reefs: Developmental Trends of Artificial Reef Units, by Yoshinori Ogawa
• Kinko Gyosho, Tsukiiso, and Marine Organisms, by Yoshinori Ogawa
• The Planning and Design of Artificial Reefs and Tsukiiso, by Makoto Nakamura
• A Sample Calculation for the Design of a Cube-Type Artificial Reef (Regular and Large), by Masao Kamikit
• Construction, Site Engineering, and Problem Areas of Artificial Reefs, by Kahei Shomomura
• Introduction: Report from the Consolidated Reef Study Society, by Yasuo Ohshima
• Basic Theory; Yoshinori Ogawa, Chairperson
• Discussion of Installation Planning; Nagao Yoshimuda, Chairperson
• Structures of Materials, and Designing/Installation; Makoto Nakamura, Chairperson
• Artificial Reefs and Fish Attraction
• Habitat Selection Activities
• Fish-Gathering Mechanisms of Reefs
• Reefs and Food Organisms
• Current and Sound
• Effective Boundaries of Reefs
• Reef Configurations
• The Effect of Artificial Reefs on Propagation

Florida Artificial Reef Development Plan, Sept. 1992

• Launching SIMAC: The National Monitoring System for the Coral Reefs of Colombia

• Benthic Substrate Characterization and Discrimination of Kane’ohe Bay, O’ahu, Hawai’i

• Restoration of a Deep-Water Population of the Habitat-Structuring Coral Oculina varicosa in the Oculina Research Reserve off Ft. Pierce, FL, USA

• EPA Coral/Hardbottom Monitoring Project, Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary

• Coral Reef Habitat Mapping: Using Satellite Remote Sensing and Optical Spectra Data

• Transplantation of Reef-Building Corals on the Rosario Archipelago, Colombian Caribbean

• Scleractinia Coral Dynamics at Three Reefs in Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida, USA, 1989–1997

• Detection of Damaged Tropical Coral from Spot Satellite Imagery and In Situ Observations

• The "Johnny Coral Seed" Approach to Coral Reef Restoration: New Methodologies Appropriate for Lower Energy Reef Areas

• Value-Added Data from the EPA Coral Reef/Hardbottom Monitoring Project Video: Sponge Distribution in the Florida Keys

• The Use of a CASI as a Near-Real Time Coral Reef Monitoring System

• An Economical Method to Enhance Sexual Recruitment for Restoration of Damaged Reef?

• Long Term Monitoring and Assessment of the Flower Garden Banks Coral Ecosystem

• A Database of 334 Reflectance Spectra Enables Identification of Broad Categories of Coral Reef Features

• Assessment of Vessel Grounding Injury to Coral Reef and Seagrass Habitats in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, Florida: Protocol and Methods

• Permanent Reef Community Monitoring Sites Offshore of Broward County, Florida: Preliminary Comparative Results

• Ocean Hotspots and Unprecedented Coral Reef Bleaching during 1999

• Reef Damage by Large Vessel Impact and Its Mitigation by Site Cleanup: Methods and Results after One

• Using Reef Check to Monitor Coral Reefs

• Experimental Assessment of Factors Affecting the Settlement and Survival of Reseeded Coral Spat in the Field

• Reef Restoration: Science or Technology

• Reef Monitoring for Management in St. Lucia, West Indies

• The Use of a Novel Chemo-Inductive Substrate to Determine Species-Specific Factors that Influence Successful Sexual Recruitment of Corals

• The Socio-Economic Costs and Benefits of Coral Reef Restoration

• Monitoring Changes in Ecosystem Structure and Function in No-Take Zones in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary

• Adventures in Aquaculture at "Terra Sub Aqua"

• Wetlands Mitigation in Florida: Improvements in Science and Applications

• Monitoring of Ecological and Socioeconomic Indicators for Coral Reef Management in Colombia

• Can Selfing Coral Species be Used to Enhance Restoration of Damaged Reefs?

• Ship Groundings in the Florida Keys: Implications for Reef Ecology and Management

• The Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network Aims to Gather both Data and Raise Awareness

• Using Cultured Coral to Rehabilitate a Degraded Reef in the Central Philippines

• Recovery of Fish Assemblages from Ship Groundings on Coral Reefs in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary

• The Assessment "Toolbox": Community-Based Reef Evaluation Methods Coupled with Geochemical Techniques to Identify Sources of Stress

• The Importance of Algal-Grazer Interactions in Early Growth and Survivorship of Sexual Recruits and Transplanted Juvenile Coral

• Patterns in Reef Structure, Coral and Fish Communities, and Their Degradation in the Red Sea: Implications for Management and Restoration

• Detecting Impacts on Reef Fish in Kona: A Model for Community and Interagency Collaboration

• Coral Recruitment Processes in the Upper Florida Keys: How Much Variation in Time and Space

• The Culture, Transplantation, and Storage of Montastraea faveolata, Acropora cervicornis, and A. palmata: What We Learned So Far

• Scientific Implication of Monitoring Coral Reefs for Sustainable Livelihood Development in Poor Countries; Experiences from South Asia

• Case Studies of Natural Variability in Coral Recruitment from the Caribbean and the Pacific. Which Reefs need Restoration Assistance?

• Improving Decision Making in Coral Reef Restoration

• Scales, Hypotheses, and the Limits of Detection in the Ecology and Management of Coral Reefs

• Science Needs for Effective Management of Reef Fishes

• Introduction, including elements of:

• An Historical Review of Coral Reef Restoration in Florida

• Local Variability versus Landscape Stability following Major Hurricane Impacts in a Protected Coral Reef Reserve

• Connectivity and Replenishment of Reef Fish Populations

• Ten Years after the Crime: Lasting Effects of Damage from a Cruise Ship Anchor on a Coral Reef in St. John, USVI

• Variability of Coral Assemblages on Multiple Scales: Implications for Reef Management

• Design-Based Sampling that Optimizes Multispecies Reef Fish Assessments

• Emergency Stabilization of Acropora palmata with Stainless Steel Wire and Nails: Impressions, Lessons Learned, and Recommendations from Mona Island, Puerto Rico

• Effects of a Hurricane on Coral Reef Fishes: Importance of Long-Term Monitoring and Data Analyses

• Interactions of Hawaiian Reef Fish Assemblages with the Benthic Habitat of Reefs

• Reef Restoration and Monitoring: Soto’s Reef, George Town, Grand Cayman Island, British West Indies

• Spatio-Temporal Variation in the Distribution of Juvenile Scleractinians along the South Coast of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands

• Newly-Settled Snappers and Grunts of Southeast Florida: Comparative Growth and Cross-Shelf Distributions

• Coral Reef Emergency Response Teams: A S.W.A.T. Team Approach towards Dealing with Short-Term Anthropogenic Event

• Can Multivariate Analysis Discriminate Community Influences within the Belize Barrier Reef Complex

• Rethinking Visual Monitoring Methods for Reef Fishes: Is there an Excessive Preoccupation with Precision, Accuracy, and Numbers?

• Using GIS to Conduct Injury Assessment, Restoration and Monitoring During the Contship Houston Grounding

• Detection of Coral Bleaching and Hurricane Damage on Coral Reefs in St. John, US Virgin Islands: A Comparison of Results from the Chain Transect Method and Videography

• Asking the Right Questions about Assessment and Monitoring of Coral Reefs

• Use of Artificial Reefs in Shallow Depths to Protect Natural Reefs and Shorelines

• Rapid Assessment Methods for Monitoring Marine Protected Areas in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary: Program Design and Affects of Hurricane Georges of Reefs in the Middle and Lower Key

• Applications of the Reef Fish Survey Project for Monitoring Fishes in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary

• Varying Responses of Herbivorous and Invertebrate-Feeding Fishes to Macroalgal Reduction: A Restoration Experiment

• Assessing Coral Reefs Based on Long-Term Ecological Records

• Chemical Signatures in Otoliths: Natural Tags of Structure and Connectivity of Reef Fish Populations

• Enhancement of Reef Regeneration Processes: Supplementing Coral Recruitment Processes through Larval Seeding

Non-Paper Presentations